| Are Your
Internal Controls in Place? |
| To help prevent fraud and
control errors, here are some ways to segregate duties for cash receipts, cash
disbursements, and petty cash. Adapt them for your nonprofit: Cash Receipts:
- The mail should be opened by someone other than the
bookkeeper.
- Have the person opening the mail immediately stamp all
checks "For Deposit Only."
- One person should run a calculator tape on checks received
and keep or give them to someone other than the bookkeeper. The mail opener or bookkeeper
should prepare the deposit slip.
- Someone other than the person who prepared the deposit
slip should take the deposit to the bank.
- Copies of the checks should be forwarded to the
bookkeeper.
- The bookkeeper should enter information into the
accounting system using copies of checks.
- After the deposit is made, the validated deposit slip
should be compared to the tape that was run of the checks. The person comparing these
should initial the deposit slip to verify that this procedure was performed. At
months end when the bank statement is received, this same individual should compare
the deposit slips to the deposits on the bank statement.
- Acknowledgments to donors should not be prepared by the
person(s) who opens the mail or by the bookkeeper.
Cash Disbursements:
- Incoming vendor invoices should be forwarded to an
individual who checks the invoice for addition and extension errors and then forwards them
to the executive director or other responsible person for approval.
- A stamp or voucher should be used to document approval of
the invoice, account distribution, the date it was paid, and the check number.
- The approved invoice should be returned to the bookkeeper
for preparation of the check.
- The person approving invoices should review them in detail
to confirm the charges are legitimate and initial the invoice to approve it for payment.
This can be noted on the face of the invoice or on a voucher attached to the
invoice.
- The bookkeeper should cancel the invoice indicating date
paid, check number, and account distribution. The bookkeeper should then return the check
and the supporting documentation to the person(s) responsible for signing checks.
- The check signer(s) should review the check, compare it to
the invoice(s), review the account distribution, and sign it.
- Consider requiring two signatures on larger checks.
- Someone other than the person who prepares the checks
should mail them to vendors.
- Expense reports of the executive director should be
approved by a Board or committee member.
- Vendors original invoices should be matched to
statements. Payment should be made based on original invoices rather than the statement.
Petty Cash:
- Frequency of use should be monitored. Use petty cash only
when payment cannot be made by check.
- All disbursements should be supported by invoices or
receipts.
- Access to petty cash should be limited so that
accountability is clear.
- When petty cash is reimbursed, invoices and receipts
should be attached to the check for signing. The person who signs checks should review the
receipts.
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